Liturgical Quiz.

LITURGY QUIZ (1)

1.What is the Etymological meaning of the word Liturgy?

This word is derived from the Greek word Leiturgia and is composed of two roots:

a) Leit = public or pertaining to the people

b)Ergon = action or work

Thus Liturgy means ‘Service in the name of or on behalf of the people’/ or ‘public action’

2. What is the definition of Liturgy according to CCC(Catechism of the Catholic Church)?

Liturgy means the participation of the People of God in the “work of God”. Through the liturgy Christ, our redeemer and high priest, continues the work of our redemption in, with and through his Church (CCC No 1069).

3.How Liturgy becomes the official human response to the Divine Call?

Bible is the Divine Call to the humanity, and the Liturgy is the official human response to the Divine Call. They express the exchange between God and man. The Divine Word/ Bible reveals the divine wish to His people, and the Divine Liturgy, hymns and prayers, express the human wish to God. Thus in Liturgy, both God and people try their best to fulfill each other’s wish in its climax.

4. As we know, Liturgy is celebrated in Sacred Space and Time. What do you know about Sacred Space?

Sacred Space, resembling Heaven on earth is the particular space set apart for the celebration of the Liturgy. Usually, Church buildings are the Sacred spaces.

5.Our East Syriac Churches are built according to the model of Jerusalem Temple. Which are the main three inner parts of our Churches?

1. Madbaha / Holy of Holies / Sanctuary / Apse

2. Questroma / Choir

3. Haikala / Nave

6. In addition to these three main parts there are also some significant parts attached to them. Which are they?

a) BethMamodheesa / Baptistery

b) BethMyron

c) BethDiaconal / Sacristy

d) BethSahdhe/ Martyrion – house of martyrs: place where we keep the relics of martyrs

e) Sopa / nartex / mondalam

7. Which are the main elements associated with Madbaha which is situated three steps above Questroma?

a) Sanctuary Veil

b) Tronos / Altar

c) Evangalion / Gospel Lectionary

d) Masdapsa

e) Mar Thoma Sleeva / St Thomas Cross

f) Two BethGazze / House of treasures – they are arranged on the right and left sides of Tronos. On the left side Chalice is prepared and on the right side Paten is prepared.

g) Sanctuary lamp – symbol of perpetual Divine Presence; takes fire from this lamp to light other lamps for the liturgical services.

8. Which are the main elements associated with the Haikala / Nave?

a) Bema – symbol of Earthly Jerusalem

b) Table of Word – Symbol of Golgotha

c) Two Lecterns on right and left sides on Bema – for Old Testament and New Testament readings

9. What is Sqaqona?

It is the passage between Bema and Madbha symbolizing the way of life.

10. Which are the main Liturgical Texts in the East Syriac Tradition?

a) Takse d’ Quddase – Celebrant’s official book for administrating sacraments

b) Taksa d’ Quddasa – the text containing the order of Holy Qurbana

c) Taksa d’ Episkopa – Pontifical: texts used by bishops for the administration of holy orders, installation of higher authorities, consecration of Myron, churches and altars.

d) Lectionaries – Scripture lesson texts

Three types: 1. Qeryane / Old Testament reading 2. Slihae / Epistles 3. Evangalion / Gospel

11. Which are the main Liturgical Vestments in the East Syriac Tradition?

a) Kottina / Tunic or Alb

b) zunara/ Girdle/Cinture

c) Urara / Stole

d) Zande/ Sleeves

e) Paina / Kappa / Chasuble

12. Which are the main components of Liturgy?

a) Eucharistic Celebration

b) Sacraments

c) Sacramentals

d) Liturgy of the Hours

13. There are two groups of Sacramentals. Which are they?

a) Blessings – persons, places and things

b) Exorcisms – persons, places and things

14. The seven Sacraments in the Church are theologically arranged in three groups. Which are they?

a) Sacraments of Initiation – Baptism, Chrismation and Eucharist

b) Sacraments of Healing- Reconciliation and Anointing of the Sick

c) Sacraments of Service - Holy Orders and Matrimony

15. The two constituent elements that influence the formation of a liturgical family?

a) Apostolic Tradition b) Cultural background of the local community

16. Which are the elements of Apostolic Tradition?

a) Faith

b) Scripture

c) Sacraments

d) Morals

e) Divine Authority

17. What are the elements of Cultural background which influence the formation of a Liturgical Family?

a) Region-wise distinctive life situation

b) Mentality

c) Lifestyle

d) Language

e) Civilization, etc.

18. Which are the six Liturgical Families?

a) Chaldean/ East Syriac

b) Antiochian/West Syriac

c) Alexandrian/Coptic

d) Armenian

e) Byzantine/Greek

f) Roman/ Latin

19. Which are the Churches belonging to East Syriac Liturgical Family?

a) Chaldean Catholic Church

b) Syro-Malabar Catholic Church

c) Assyrian Church of the East (Non-Catholic)

d) Ancient Church of the East (Non-Catholic)

20. Which are the main scriptural prayer forms found in the Liturgical Texts?

a) Our Father

b) Psalmody

c) Hymns

d) Praising

e) Blessing

f) Doxology

g) Acclamation

Liturgy Quiz - Week 2

1) What is the Bema ?

 Bema is the space for the Liturgy of Word in the East Syriac tradition. It is an elevated platform in the centre of Haikla (nave).

എന്താണ് ബേമ?

 പൗരസ്ത്യ സുറിയാനി പള്ളിയുടെ ഘടനയിൽ ദൈവവചന ശുശ്രൂഷ നടത്തപ്പെടുന്ന സ്ഥലമാണ് ബേമ. ഇത് ഹൈക്കലയുടെ മധ്യത്തിൽ ഹൈക്കലായെക്കാൾ ഉയർന്ന് സ്ഥിതി ചെയ്യുന്നു.

2) From where did the East Syriac Church adopt the Bema?

 Jewish Synagogue Structure.

പൗരസ്ത്യ സുറിയാനി പള്ളിയിലെ ബേമയുടെ ഉത്ഭവം എവിടെ നിന്നാണ്?

 യഹൂദ സിനാഗോഗ് (പഴയ നിയമം) ഘടനയിൽ നിന്നും പൗരസ്ത്യ സുറിയാനി സഭ സ്വീകരിച്ചതാണ് ബേമ.

3) What is the Symbolism of the Bema?

 Earthly Orshlem (Jerusalem).

മാർ ഗബ്രിയേൽ ഖത്രായ ബേമയെ എന്തിsâ പ്രതീകമായാണ് പഠിപ്പിക്കുന്നത്?

 ഭൗമിക ഓർശ്ലേമിsâ.

4) Why is the Bema placed in the centre of the Haikla (nave) in the East Syriac tradition?

 The Word became flesh and dwelt among us (Jn 1:14). Isho M'shiha proclaimed the Good News in the middle of the people.

എന്തുകൊണ്ടാണ് ബേമ ഹൈക്കലയുടെ നടുവിൽ സ്ഥാപിക്കുന്നത്?

5) What are the elements of the East Syriac Bema?

 The altar (table) at the centre of Bema

 The throne of the Bishop and the seats of Archdeacon and Presbyters.

 Beth Qāroyā (Lecterns)

പൗരസ്ത്യ സുറിയാനി ബേമയുടെ ഭാഗങ്ങൾ ഏതൊക്കെയാണ്?

 ബേമയുടെ മധ്യത്തിലുള്ള മേശ (Minor Altar)

 മെത്രാsâ സിംഹാസനം, അർക്കദിയാക്കോsâയും മറ്റ് പട്ടക്കാരുടെയും ഇരിപ്പിടങ്ങൾ.

 ബേസ് കാറോയാ അഥവാ വായനാപീഠങ്ങൾ

6) What is the name of the Altar (Table) on the East Syriac Bema?

 Gāgultā.

ബേമയുടെ മധ്യത്തിലുള്ള മേശയുടെ (Minor* Altar) *പേര് എന്താണ്?

 ഗാഗുൽത്താ.

7) What are placed on the Gāgultā?

 Evangelion (Gospel) and Sleeva.

ബേമയിലെ ഗാഗുൽത്തായിൽ എന്തൊക്കെയാണ് ഉള്ളത്?

പരിശുദ്ധ സുവിശേഷവും വിശുദ്ധ സ്ലീവായും.

8. What is the meaning of Evangelion and Sleeva on the Gāgultā?

 Isho M'shiha sitting among the disciples as he taught the crowd.

ഗാഗുൽത്തായിൽ പ്രതിഷ്ഠിച്ചിരിക്കുന്ന പരിശുദ്ധ സുവിശേഷവും, വിശുദ്ധ സ്ലീവായും എന്തിനെ സൂചിപ്പിക്കുന്നു?

 ജനങ്ങളെ പഠിപ്പിച്ചുകൊണ്ട് അവരുടെ മധ്യേ ആയിരുന്ന ഈശോ മിശിഹായെ സൂചിപ്പിക്കുന്നു

9) What does Thomas of Marga say about the Gāgultā?

 The table (Altar) represents the Ark of the Old Covenant; the Sleeva and Evangelion upon it represent the New Covenant.

മർഗായിലെ തോമസ് ഗാഗുൽത്തായെക്കുറിച്ച് എന്താണ് പഠിപ്പിക്കുന്നത്?

 ബേമയുടെ മധ്യത്തിലെ പീഠം പഴയനിയമ ഉടമ്പടിയുടെ പ്രതീകമാണ്. പരിശുദ്ധ സുവിശേഷവും, വിശുദ്ധ സ്ലീവായും പുതിയനിയമ ഉടമ്പടിയുടെയും.

10) What do the steps to the Bema symbolise?

 Biblical allusion to steps in Gen 28:12 & 2 Cor 12:2.

ബേമയിലേക്കുള്ള പടികൾ എന്തിനെ സൂചിപ്പിക്കുന്നു?

 വിശുദ്ധ ഗ്രന്ഥത്തിൽ (ഉല്പത്തി 28:12, 2കോറിന്തോസ് 12:2) കാണുന്ന ഗോവണിയെ സൂചിപ്പിക്കുന്നു.

11) Where are the steps of the Bema located in the East Syriac tradition?

Steps in three sides (East , South and North)

ബേമയിലേക്കുള്ള പടികൾ എവിടെയെല്ലാം?

മൂന്ന് വശങ്ങളിൽ (കിഴക്ക്, തെക്ക്, വടക്ക്).

12) What can be seen in the Jewish Synagogue as a parallel to the Bishop's throne at the Bema?

 The Seat of Mushe (Moses).

പൗരസ്ത്യ സുറിയാനി പള്ളിയിലെ മെത്രാsâ സിംഹാസനത്തിന് തത്തുല്യമായി യഹൂദ സിനഗോഗ് ഘടനയിൽ എന്താണ് ഉള്ളത്?

 മൂശെയുടെ സിംഹാസനം.

13) How are the seats arranged in the Bema in the East Syriac tradition?

 On the West side of the Bema facing the Mad'baha.

ബേമയിലെ ഇരിപ്പിടങ്ങൾ എപ്രകാരമാണ് സജ്ജീകരിച്ചിരിക്കുന്നത്?

 ബേമയുടെ പടിഞ്ഞാറ് വശത്ത്, മദ്ബഹായ്ക്ക് അഭിമുഖമായി.

14) Which readings should be read on the lecterns?

 1st reading (Law) and 2nd reading (Prophets) on the lectern on the right side facing the Mad'baha. The 3rd reading (Sliha – Epistle) on the lectern on the left side.

ഗാഗുൽത്തായുടെ ഇരുവശങ്ങളിലുമായുള്ള വായനാ പീഠങ്ങളിൽ ഏതൊക്കെ വായനകൾ ആണ് വായിക്കുന്നത്?

 ഒന്നാമത്തെ(നിയമം)യും രണ്ടാമത്തെ(പ്രവചനം)യും വായനകൾ മദ്ബഹായ്ക്ക് അഭിമുഖമായി വലത് വശത്തുള്ള പീഠത്തിലും (കെറിയാനേ), മൂന്നാമത്തെ (ശ്ലീഹാ) വായന മദ്ബഹായ്ക്ക് അഭിമുഖമായി ഇടത് വശത്തുള്ള പീഠത്തിലും (ഏങ്കർത്താ).

15) What is the shape of the Bema in the East Syriac tradition?

 Horseshoe or 'U' shaped with open East towards the sanctuary.

പൗരസ്ത്യ സുറിയാനി പാരമ്പര്യത്തിൽ ബേമയുടെ ആകൃതി എന്താണ്?

 കുതിരയുടെ ലാടത്തിsâ അല്ലെങ്കിൽ ഇംഗ്ലീഷ് അക്ഷരമാലയിലെ 'U' എന്ന അക്ഷരത്തിsâ ആകൃതിയിൽ തുറന്ന ഭാഗം മദ്ബഹായ്ക്ക് അഭിമുഖമായി.

16) What does Pope Benedict XVI say about the Bema in his Book 'Spirit of the Liturgy'?

 In early church buildings, the liturgy has two places. First, the Liturgy of the Word takes place at the centre of the building. The faithful are grouped around the Bema, the elevated area where the throne of the Gospel, the seat of the Bishop, and lectern are located. The Eucharistic celebration proper takes place in the apse, at the Altar.

ബനഡിക്ട് പതിനാറാമൻ മാർപാപ്പ ത sâ "ലിറ്റർജിയുടെ ചൈതന്യം" എന്ന ഗ്രന്ഥത്തിൽ ബേമയേക്കുറിച്ച് എന്ത് പറയുന്നു?

 ആദ്യകാല പള്ളി കെട്ടിടങ്ങളിൽ, ആരാധനക്രമത്തിന് രണ്ട് സ്ഥലങ്ങളുണ്ട്. ആദ്യം, വചന ശുശ്രൂഷ കെട്ടിടത്തിന്റെ മധ്യഭാഗത്ത് നടക്കുന്നു. വചനത്തിsâ പീഠം, മെത്രാsâ ഇരിപ്പിടം, വായനാ പീഠങ്ങൾ എന്നിവ സ്ഥിതി ചെയ്യുന്നു. ഉയർന്ന ബെമയ്ക്ക് ചുറ്റും വിശ്വാസികൾ നിൽക്കുന്നു. അപ്പം മുറിക്കൽ ശുശ്രൂഷ നടക്കുന്നത് അൾത്താരയിൽ ആണ്.

17) What is the name of the pathway that connects the Bema to the Qestrōmā in the East Syriac tradition?

 Sqāqōnā.

പൗരസ്ത്യ സുറിയാനി പള്ളിയിൽ ബേമയെയും മദ്ബഹായെയും ബന്ധിപ്പിക്കുന്ന അഴിക്കാലുകളോട് കൂടിയ പാതയുടെ പേരെന്താണ്?

ശ്കാക്കോനാ

18) What does George of Arbel say about the Sqāqōnā?

 The ladder which Yacov (Jacob) saw in a vision (Genesis 28:12).

 The Sqāqōnā symbolizes the way to heaven.

അർബേലിലെ ഗീവർഗീസ് ശ്കാക്കോനായെക്കുറിച്ച് എന്ത് പഠിപ്പിക്കുന്നു?

 യാക്കോവ് ദർശനത്തിൽ കണ്ട സ്വർഗ്ഗത്തിലേക്കുള്ള കോവണി (ഉല്പത്തി 28:12).

 സ്വർഗ്ഗത്തിലേക്കുള്ള വഴി

19) What is literal word meaning of the Sqāqōnā?

 A Slype/a covered narrow passage/a corridor.

ശ്കാക്കോനാ എന്ന വാക്കിsâ അർത്ഥം എന്താണ്?

 വേലിയോട് കൂടിയ ഇടുങ്ങിയ വഴി, ഇടനാഴി.

20) What is the symbolism of the Qestrōmā according to Pseudo George of Arbel?

 The place [which extends] from Earth to the firmament.

അർബേലിലെ ഗീവർഗീസ് നൽകുന്ന വ്യാഖ്യാനം അനുസരിച്ച് കെസ്ത്രോമാ എന്തിനെ സൂചിപ്പിക്കുന്നു?

 ഭൂമിയിൽ നിന്നും സ്വർഗ്ഗം വരെയുള്ള ഭാഗത്തെ സൂചിപ്പിക്കുന്നു.

Liturgical Quiz - Week 3 (31st December 2022)

1) What do the 3 steps from the Qesṯroma to the Sanctuary symbolize? Third heaven (2 Cor 12:2)

2) How is the sanctuary separated from other areas of the Church? By the Outer Veil.

3) What did Pope Francis say about the veil of the sanctuary in a recent discourse? “Even those traditions that preserve the use of the iconostasis, with the royal door, or the veil that conceals the sanctuary at some moments in the rite, teach us that these are architectural or ritual elements that speak not of distance from God, but rather heighten the mystery of the “condescension” – of the synkatabasis - by which the Word came and continues to come to the world."

4) What does the outer veil symbolise? Firmament

5) What does the Sanctuary symbolise? Heavenly Orshlem (Heavenly Jerusalem)

6) From where did the East Syriac Church adopt the ‘Holy of Holies’? From the Jewish Temple (Old Testament) Architecture (Heb 9: 2-3)

7) What is the symbol of Altar (Mad'baha)? - Image of the Lord - Throne of God - Tomb of our Lord

8 ) What are to be placed on the Mad'baha? Holy Sleeva and Holy Evengelion

9) What do the Holy Sleeva and Holy Evengelion represent? Holy Sleeva - Body of Our Lord Holy Evengelion - Soul of Our Lord.

10)What does ‘Jornada’, written by the Portuguese missionary Antonio Gouvea in the 16th century, say about Nazrani churches? "Their churches were full of crosses like the miracle Mylapore cross, which they call cross of St Thomas, from which it can be seen how more old is the veneration of this Cross, and affection and it's way, than the time when it was found by the Portuguese; for the old churches built by these Christians many years before the Portuguese came out to India, were all adorned by them both with painting and with scripture."

11) Where is the Bes Mamoodesa located? It is a separate room, which is located outside and to the South of the Sanctuary.

12) Where is the Sacristy (Bes Diakonikon) located? It is a separate room, which located outside and to the North of the Sanctuary.

13) What are the elements of the Outer Sanctuary? -Hanging perpetual lamp -Two Bes Gazze -Chair for Bishop and others -Chamber / Tabernacle for preserving Holy Sayth and Holy Malka -Doors to Bes Mamoodesa (on Southern wall) and Bes Diakonikon (Sacristy) (on Northern wall) - Incense

14) What is the Mesdapsa? A step that is large enough for one person to stand next to the Mad'baha.

15) Which is the highest part of the church? Sanctuary

16) Name the tower which is located above the sanctuary? Thora

17) What is the name of the place where holy relics are kept in the church? Bes Sahda

18) What is the most important part of the Marthoma Nasrani church architecture outside the church? Open air stone Sleeva (Kal Sleeva)

19) What did Bishop Francis say about Marthomma Nazranis’ great reverence to the Sleeva? "They are very pious and have great veneration for the cross, which they make in the manner of the legacy of St. Thomas, the ends of the four arms divided into three leaves of the lily"

20) What is the difference between the Sanctuary Veil in the East Syriac and West Syriac Churches? In the West Syriac Churches it opens from right to left as a whole. However, in the East Syriac tradition it is opens to either sides from the middle.

Liturgy Quiz 4 (Week 4 - 8th Jan 2023)

1) Why are symbols used in the Liturgy? Symbols represent the invisible divine realities. They are used to express the depth and meaning of the celebration and its Divine character.

2) What does the Macshaneesa (liturgical fan flabellum) symbolise? It symbolises the presence of angels around the Mad'baha. The sounds represent the Seraphim's and the flutter of their wings around the Mysteries.

3) What does the Censer represent? A symbol of forgiveness and complete submission to the Almighty. The coal in it represents the sinners. The fire signifies the Rooha d'Kudsha by whose contact the black coal shines and glows. The incense shows the grace of the Holy Trinity. As the smoke goes up to the high, so also our prayers should go high (Psalm 141:2)

4) What is the symbolism of the Shoshappa? The Shoshappa is a square garment made of the cloth of the kappa itself. It symbolises the covering of the tomb of our Lord and the shroud and kerchief that covered His Body and His Face.

5) What is the use of the M'kabalana? It is used to cover the Kasa.

6) What is the Kethana? A square embroidered cloth which is spread in the centre of the Mad'baha, on which the Divine Mysteries are kept during the Holy Qurbana.

7) What is the Sankeenj (Purificator)? The cloth that is used for the cleaning of the Divine Vessels.

8 ) What is the Keriyana? It is the lectionary which contains readings from the Old Testament. (Law and Prophets)

9) What is the Engartha? The Lectionary which contains the Pauline Epistles and the seven Catholic Epistles.

10) What is the Evangelion? The Lectionary which contains the Holy Gospels.

11) What is the Dappa? Movable wooden Altar, which is made of heartwood of fruiting trees. The Dappa is used at places where there is no permanent consecrated Madbaha.

12) What are the other names of the Macshaneesa? It is also known as the Macishtha or the Macshana.

13) What are the orders of priesthood in the East Syriac tradition? Catholicos Metropolitan Methran Arkadiyakon Cor Episcopa Kasheesha M'shamshana Heupadiakona Karoya

14)What are the duties and responsibilities of the Sacred Office of the Karoya? The Karoya, in a service of public worship will stand before the congregation of the faithful to read the books of the Old Testament which are the Law and the Prophets and also the New Testament book of the Acts of the Apostles.

15) What are the duties and responsibilities of the Heupadiakona? The duties and responsibilities of a Heupadiakona are; to be certain that the Mad'baha is clean and is kept in order, to light up the lamp, to fulfil all that the Karoya will do (reading aloud from the 5 books of Moses, the Prophets and the Acts of the Holy Apostles for the faithful to hear during the worship services in the parish he has been ordained to serve) and to keep the doors at the time of the proclamation of the departure of the unbeliever, hearers. Also, he has the right to do exorcism.

16) What are the duties and responsibilities of the Sacred Office of the M’shamshana? His duties and responsibilities are to serve his assigned parish, the priest, the people of God; and, in the Holy Madbaha, he will incense the Holy Place, the priest and the faithful; he reads the Holy Epistle. He will assist in the ministry of the priests in all things celebrated or observed within the parish.

17) In whose place does the Celebrant stand during the Holy Qurbana? The celebrant is a representative of the M'shiha and a mediator between God and man. He celebrates the Holy Qurbana on behalf of the community. A single priest offers the sacrifice as a symbol of the one High Priest who was sacrificed for the salvation of our race.

18) In whose place do the co-celebrants stand during the Holy Qurbana? Of the Apostles.

19) In whose place does the M’shamshana stand during the Holy Qurbana? During the Holy Qurbana, the M’shamshana stands in the position of Mar Gabriel Malaka and Mar Michael Malaka.

20) In how many Liturgical families can we see the presence of the Macshaneesa (Liturgical fan flabellum)? There are 6 Liturgical families in the Holy Church and we can see the Liturgical fan flabellum in all 6 Liturgical families.

Liturgical Quiz - Week - 5 ( 15th January 2023) 1) What are the Liturgical Vestments in the East Syriac Tradition? KOTHINA ZUNARA URARA ZANDE PAYNA (KAPPA) 2) What is the Kothina? It is a long tunic type garment reaching from the neck to the ankles, of any colour. The Kothina is the Syriac term used for the outer garment. 3) What does the Kothina symbolise? The Kothina is the symbolism of M'shiha as well as man renewed in M'shiha. This sacred vestment reminds us of the need to discard the old self (of evil) and embrace the new self (of goodness). 4) What is the Zunara? The Zunara is the Syriac word for the belt-like strip of cloth worn over the Kothina at the waist. 5) What does the Zunara symbolise? It is the symbol of Holiness. The Holy Qurbana and other rites of divine worship are acts which are to be performed with perfect holiness, keeping oneself away from all kinds of worldly thoughts and emotions. 6) What is the Urara? The Urara is the special humeral vestment worn by the Kasheesha (Priest) around the neck. Both ends of the Urara are of the same length as the Kothina. Heuppadiakona wear it around their neck in such a way that its ends fall to the back and front. M'shamshana wear it on the left shoulder without putting it around the neck, falling down to ankles in the front. 7) What is the symbolism of the Urara? This sacred vestment is the symbol of ministerial priesthood in all liturgical traditions. 8 ) What is the Zande? The Zande is the Syriac word for gloves or handcuffs. They are handcuffs that are placed over the Kothina at its ends to make them look well. 9) What is the symbolism of the Zande? The hands are ready for the sacred service. 10) What is the Payna (Kappa)? The Payna is the outermost liturgical vestment that priests put on. It is similar to the cope in Latin tradition. In Syriac it is also known as Gulta. 11) What symbolism does the Payna (Gulta) hold? The Payna or Gulta is the garment of justice. It proclaims the fact that a priest is the fount or source of all kinds of virtues. Historically, Payna appears to be the outer garment of shepherds. Thus it proclaims the pastoral duty of a priest as well. Mar Thoma Sleeva on the back of the Payna symbolises Isho M'shiha who leads the Church to the Heavenly Kingdom. 12) What are the M'sana? Shoes that are used during the Liturgy inside Qanke (sanctuary) by the priests and other servers. 13) What is the symbolism of the M'sana? They symbolise the preparation for the Gospel of peace against all evils (Eph. 6: 15). They are to trample & underfoot serpents, scorpions and all the power of the enemy and to cast down under the foot, all false pride that is exalted against bad (2 Cor. 10: 5) and to tread down the lust of flesh. The shoes are worn at the staring of a journey, this also signifies getting ready for a journey and the beginning of the journey of experiencing the Kingdom of Heaven through heavenly worship. 14) What is the meaning of standing posture in the liturgy? The general characteristic of our liturgy is to stand. Standing signifies resurrection. We are children of resurrection with heavenly hope. Through our faith in Isho M'shiha and Mamoodeesa, we are liberated from death and all sorts of slavery. 15) What does kneeling in the liturgy means? This reveals the attitude of man requesting for divine help, it signifies penance as well. 16) What is the meaning of bowing in the liturgy? Submission, respect, worship, gratitude etc... are expressed through bowing. 17)What does stretching of hand in the liturgy means? The request and interceding for others. 18) What does kissing represents in the liturgy? Kissing the Altar, the Holy Evangelion, Holy Sleeva etc... denotes the love and respect for them as well as staunch hope in them. 19) How to do sign of the Sleeva? Right to Left. The right side signifies light, faith, divine power and salvation. Light dispels darkness. The sacrifice on the Sleeva provides salvation and life. The left side represents the punished state of darkness. The Saviour gives us freedom from that. It also means being blessed by Isho M'shiha. 20) What is the significance of facing the East (ad orientem) while praying? Facing the East while praying is an Apostolic tradition. Praying facing the East (Mad'baha) indicates the pilgrim nature of the Church offering sacrifices in anticipation of our Lord's return.

Liturgical Quiz - Week - 6 ( 22nd January 2023) 1) In the letter written to the Pope of Rome in 1578, what did Marthoma Nasranis (Saint Thomas Christians) say about the use of Syriac language in Mar Thoma Liturgy? "Our Prayers are in the Syriac or the Chaldaic language, which was handed over to us by Mar Thoma, and we and our predecessors have been taught this language." 2) What do we commemorate in the Holy Qurbana (Rasa Kandeesha)? The whole Salvation History, especially the Paschal Mystery of our Lord Jesus Christ. 3) What is the meaning of the word Qurbana? Offering. 4) What is the meaning of the word Raza? Mystery. 5) Who are the prominent East Syriac Liturgical commentators? Mar Narsai of Nisibis, Mar Gabriel Qatraya, Mar Avaraham Bar Lipah, Anonymous Author (Mar Geevarghese of Arbel), Mar Yohannan Bar Zo'bi, Mar Abdisho, Mar Timothy II etc… 6) Which is the most ancient Anaphora (Qudasha) now used in the Christian world? Qudasha of Mar Addai and Mar Mari (Qudasha d'Shleehe). 7) On which Liturgy of the Jewish tradition (Old Testament) was the East Syriac Qudasha of Mar Addai -Mari based upon? Birkath Ha Mazon (Prayer after meal). 8 ) What does the beginning procession in the Syro-Malabar Qurbana symbolise, which begins from the Mad'baha and ends in the Bema which is located at the centre of the Hykala? The coming of Maran Isho M'shiha to Earth. 9) What is commemorated during the prayer Pukhdanakon - Pukhdanae d'M'shiha? - The Mystery of Salvation is celebrated here according to the commandment of the M'shiha. - It is worship offered by the whole body of the M'shiha. This is not the work of the priest alone - Also, remembers the words of Our Lord, "leave your gift in front of the Madbaha, first go and be reconciled to them; then come and offer your gift." (Mathew 5:24) 10) What is commemorated when the prayer of "Praise to Alahaa (God) in the highest..." is sung in the Holy Qurbana? Holy Qurbana (Rasa Kandeeshe) is the participation in the Heavenly Liturgy. We, who are part of the Heavenly Liturgy today, praise Isho M'shiha just as the angels praised him at his birth. Also, we commemorate the birth of Our Lord. 11) Why is the prayer "Praise be to Alahaa (God) in the highest..." recited three times? The man of Our Lord is perfect in body, perfect in soul and perfect in mind. 7) On which Liturgy of the Jewish tradition (Old Testament) was the East Syriac Qudasha of Mar Addai and Mar Mari based upon? Birkath Ha Mazon (Prayer after meal). What does the beginning procession in the Syro-Malabar Qurbana symbolise, which begins from the Mad'baha and ends in the Bema which is located at the centre of the Hykala? The coming of Maran Isho M'shiha to Earth. 9) What is commemorated during the prayer Pukhdanakon - Pukhdanae d'M'shiha? - The Mystery of Salvation is celebrated here according to the commandment of the M'shiha. - It is worship offered by the whole body of the M'shiha. This is not the work of the priest alone. - Also, remembers the words of Our Lord, "leave your gift in front of the Madbaha, first go and be reconciled to them; then come and offer your gift." (Mathew 5:24) 10) What is commemorated when the prayer of "Praise to Alahaa (God) in the highest..." is sung in the Holy Qurbana? Holy Qurbana (Rasa Kandeesha) is the participation in the Heavenly Liturgy. We, who are part of the Heavenly Liturgy today, praise Isho M'shiha just as the angels praised him at his birth. Also, we commemorate the birth of Our Lord. 11) Why is the prayer "Praise be to Alahaa (God) in the highest..." recited three times? Three times refer to the Holy Trinity and also the humanity of our Lord is perfect in body, perfect in soul and perfect in mind. 12) Why does the prayer Awoon d'vashmayya (our Father in Heaven) accompany the canon at the beginning of Holy Qurbana? The canon serves as the extension of the first petition in Lord’s prayer that is the glorification of the name of God. It is the tradition of the East Syriac Church to begin and end Liturgies with the prayer which was taught by our Lord. The prayer taught by the Lord comprises all prayers. It also forms the basis of all prayers. 13) How many Mazmora (Psalms) does a Marmisa consist of? Three Psalms. 14) What is the theological significance of the recitation of Marmisa in the Liturgy? The Lord Isho M’shiha, the Son of Alahaa (God), born from the Holy Virgin, who descended from the race of Daveed, up to His birth the Old Testament had authority and Marmisa represents the period of the Old Testament waiting for the coming of Christ. 15) Why are the three Psalms (Marmisa) sung in the Holy Qurbana? The threefold Psalms signify the three decades during which Isho M'shiha fulfilled all the observances of the threefold Law of the ancients. They are the natural, the commanded and the written Laws. 16) What is Hullala? It is a collection of three Marmisa 17) What is Suhlapa? Before Marmisa comes to an end, the tune of the last two verses changes. These verses are known as Suhlapa. 18) What does singing the Suhlapa symbolise? The change to the Law, introduced by Mar Yohannan Mamdana (St John the Baptist) through the Mamoodeesa of the forgiveness of sins. 19) Why are the Qanona included in the Marmisa? To indicate the relationship with the Psalms to Isho M'shiha and His Body (Church) 20) What does the Church commemorate during Onisa d'Qanke? The Praise of Mar Yohannan Mamdana about Isho M'shiha (Karosoosa of Yohannan 1: 29-34) and the revelation of the Holy Trinity during the time of the Mamoodeesa of our Lord. Liturgical Quiz - Week - 7 ( 29th January 2023)

1) According to the ancient tradition, when does the celebrant and ministers arrive from the Mad'baha to the Bema, which is located at the centre of the Hykala? During Onisa d'Qanke

2) When does the ritual of kissing the Sleeva take place in the celebration of the Holy Raza in the Syro-Malabar Church? During singing of the Onisa d'Qanke.

3) What is proclaimed by kissing the Hand Sleeva? Lord, we worship Your inseparable divinity and humanity and declare our love and faith in you.

4) What does the opening of Mad'baha Veil symbolise? Opening of heaven during the time of the Mamoodeesa of our Lord.

5) Who is author of the Lakhu Mārā? Mar Shem'on Bar Saba (AD 323 – 341). He was the Patriarch of the East Syriac Church who opted to be killed for defending his faith along with his fellow Bishops on a Good Friday by the Persian Emperor Shapur II in AD 341. His statues are present in many ancient churches of the Syro-Malabar Church).

7) On which Liturgy of the Jewish tradition (Old Testament) was the East Syriac Qudasha of Mar Addai -Mari based upon? Birkath Ha Mazon (Prayer after meal).

What does the beginning procession in the Syro-Malabar Qurbana symbolise, which begins from the Mad'baha and ends in the Bema which is located at the centre of the Hykala? The coming of Maran Isho M'shiha to Earth.

9) What is commemorated during the prayer Pukhdanakon - Pukhdanae d'M'shiha? - The Mystery of Salvation is celebrated here according to the commandment of the M'shiha. - It is worship offered by the whole body of the M'shiha. This is not the work of the priest alone. - Also, remembers the words of Our Lord, "leave your gift in front of the Madbaha, first go and be reconciled to them; then come and offer your gift." (Mathew 5:24)

10) What is commemorated when the prayer of "Praise to Alahaa (God) in the highest..." is sung in the Holy Qurbana?

Holy Qurbana (Rasa Kandeeshe) is the participation in the Heavenly Liturgy. We, who are part of the Heavenly Liturgy today, praise Isho M'shiha just as the angels praised him at his birth. Also, we commemorate the birth of Our Lord.

11) Why is the prayer "Praise be to Alahaa (God) in the highest..." recited three times? The man of Our Lord is perfect in body, perfect in soul and perfect in mind.

12) What is the meaning of Barek Mar? Bless me, my Lord.

13) What is the meaning of the word Shuraya? Starting.

14) Why do the people stand up when the Shuraya starts? The people stand up to indicate the courage the disciples received through the words of our Lord.

15) Why does the celebrant sit while reciting the Shuraya? Because the celebrant is in the place of the Lord.

16) What is the meaning of the word Thurgama? Translation, Interpretation, Explanation.

17) Why are the Thurgama sung? The Thurgama contain an explanation of the Epistle and the Gospel of the day as well as the advice on the attitude of a person who listens to the Epistle and the Gospel.

18) What is Vatican Codex 22? The oldest known Syriac Manuscript from India, contains a lectionary of the Pauline Epistles according to the Peshitta version. It was copied in 1301 AD (1612 A Gr) in Estrangelo Script at Cranganore, South India by a M'shamsha named Scaria bar Yowseph bar Scaria at the Church dedicated to Mar Quriaqos.

19) Who should read the Epistle at the Holy Qurbana in the East Syriac Tradition? M'shamsha.

20) What does the reading from the Apostles symbolise? Yohannan's (Mamdana) exalted words when he spoke to the crowds concerning our Saviour, such as "He who has come from above, is above all" (Jn 3:31), along with the rest of the passages such as; and "I am not the M'shiha, but the one sent before Him". (Jn 3:28) Liturgical Quiz Week - 8 (5th February 2023)

1) What is the symbolism of the solemn Evangelion (Gospel) procession? The entry of our Lord into Orshlem, riding on a donkey on Oshana Sunday.

2) What is the meaning of the word Zumara? Chant.

3) What is the symbolism of the Zumara (Halleluiah Hymn)? The Zumara is the Mystery of the praises of the disciples and infants who were crying out and saying Oshana to the son of Dāvid.

4) What is the relationship between the Zumara and the Old Testament? It is a song of praise used by the people of the Old Testament to praise the Lord.

5) In the East Syriac tradition, what kind of Sleeva is used for the Evangelion procession? Processional Sleeva (Sleeva raised on a pole).

6) Why is the Processional Sleeva used for the Evangelion procession? To indicate the words of our Lord, by which He prophesied how He would die by saying, "Just as Mushe lifted up the snake in the wilderness, so the Son of Man must be lifted up" (John 3:14).

7) What do the lamps at the Evangelion procession symbolise? The lamps used at the Gospel procession symbolise our Lord’s comparison that the Apostles as the light of the world.

Why are two lamps used in the Evangelion procession and reading? The two lamps symbolise the people of Israel as well as the people who were made disciples from the gentiles.

9) What is the symbolism of the use of incense in the Evangelion procession and reading? The Mystery of the sweetness of the words of our Lord.

10) What does the placing of the Evangelion on the Gagultha (table of the Word) symbolise? Crucifixion of our Lord Isho M'shiha.

11) What is symbolised when the wrapped Evangelion is opened on the Gagultha? Divine revelation completed in M'shiha.

12) What does the reading of the Evangelion in the Bema in the centre of the Church symbolise? Teaching of our Lord and His Divine Words.

13) In the East Syriac tradition, who reads the Evangelion during the celebration of the Holy Qurbana? Bishop or Priest.

14) What is the meaning of the word Karozuza? Proclamation.

15) How many parts do the Karozuza have in the East Syriac tradition? Three parts

16) What are the terms used to denote the second and the third Karozuza? N'Salle Uneve (for the whole world ) Bā'usa (rogation).

17) What do the Karozuza and Bā'usa commemorate in the Holy Qurbana? Passion of M'shiha at Gethsemane.

18) What is the meaning of the expression 'Maran Esraham Alain' in our Holy Qurbana? Our Lord, have mercy on us.

19) Who are the Greek Fathers commemorated in the second Karozuza of the East Syriac tradition? Mar Diadorus, Mar Theodorus and Mar Nesthorius.

20) Who are the Syriac Fathers commemorated in the Second Karozuza of the East Syriac tradition? Mar Aprem, Mar Narsai and Mar Avaraham.

Liturgical Quiz Week - 10 ( 19th February 2023)

1) What language does the word Anaphora come from? Greek.

2) What does the word Anaphora mean? Elevation, Dedication, Sacrifice.

3) What is the word used in the Syriac tradition as an equivalent to the Greek word Anaphora ? Qudasha.

4) What does the word Qudasha mean? Consecration, Sanctification, Hallowing.

5) What are the two fold dimensions of the Holy Eucharist as a Qudasha in the East Syriac tradition? Glorification of Alaha (God) and Sanctification of the people (body of M'shiha).

6) How many Anaphorae are there in the East Syriac tradition? Three.

7) What are the Anaphorae used in the East Syriac tradition? Qudasha d'Shleehe - Qudasha of the Holy Apostles (Qudasha of Mar Addai and Mar Mari) Qudasha d'Mar Theodorus - Qudasha of Theodore Qudasha d'Mar Nesthorius - Qudasha of Nestorius

8. Which of the Anaphora used in the Chruch today does not have an institutional narrative? Qudasha d'Shleehe (Qudasha of Mar Addai and Mar Mari).

9) What does the Holy Catholic Church teach about the absence of the Institution Narrative in the Qudasha d'Shleehe? The Holy Catholic Church declared that the Qudasha of Apostles Addai and Mari are valid even without Institution Narrative. (The Anaphora of Addai and Mari is notable because, from time immemorial, it has been used without the recitation of the Institution Narrative. As the Catholic Church considers the words of the Eucharistic Institution as a constitutive and therefore indispensable part of the Anaphora or Eucharistic prayer. A long and careful study was undertaken of the Anaphora of Addai and Mari, from a historical, liturgical and theological perspective, at the end of which the Congregation for the Doctrine of Faith in 2001 concluded that this Anaphora can be considered valid. Pope John Paul II has approved this decision).

10) Who is generally considered by scholars to be the author of the Qudasha d'Mar Theodorus and Qudasha d'Mar Nesthorius? Mar Awa the First, the great Catholicos of the East.

11) Where is the proper consecratory part of the Holy Qurbana according to the East Syriac tradition? Whole of the Qudasha (Anaphora) is consecratory.

12) What is the title of the Qudasha of Mar Addai and Mar Mari? The Qudasha of the Apostles Mar Addai and Mar Mari, the blessed Apostles of the East.

13) What is the title of the Qudasha of Mar Theodoros? Qudasha of Mar Theodoros, the Methran of Mopsuestia the interpreter of the Divine Scriptures.

14) What is the title of the Qudasha of Mar Nestorius? The Qudasha of Mar Nestorius, the Patriarch of Byzantium, a bloodless martyr, persecuted for the truth of Orthodox Confession.

15) In which seasons in the Liturgical Year is the Qudasha of Addai and Mari celebrated in the East Syriac tradition? From the Sunday of Oshana to the Last Sunday of Qudash Edtha (Last Sunday of the Liturgical Year).

16) In which seasons in the Liturgical Year is the Qudasha of Theodoros celebrated in the East Syriac tradition? First Sunday of Suvara (Annunciation) to the Sunday of Oshana.

17) On which days is the Qudasha of Nestorius celebrated in the East Syriac tradition? Denaha, Dukrana of Mar Yohannan Mamdana (Feast of John the Baptist), Dukrana of Greek fathers: Mar Diodore, Mar Theodore the interpreter and Mar Nestorius (Feast of the Greek Fathers Mar Diodore, Mar Theodore and Mar Nestorius), the Wednesday Liturgy of the Rogation of the Ninevites (Wednesday of the Moonnu noyambu) and Pesaha (Maundy Thursday).

18) What is the significance of the four G'hantha cycles in the Qudasha d'Shleehe? Qudasha d'Shleehe traces it's origin in the Jewish Tradition. In the Jewish Tradition, wine is blessed four times. That is the reason why Qudasha d'Shleehe has four G'hantha Cycles.

19) What are the elements of the Prayer Cycles of the Anaphora? Prayer Request of the Celebrant Kushapa G'hantha Kanona

20) What are the synonyms of the word Qudasha described by various East Syriac Fathers? Mar Narsai: Mysteries of the Church Mar Gabriel Qatraya, Mar Giwargis of Arbela: Raza (Mystery) Abraham Bar Lipha: Thesmeshtha (Service) Thimothy II: Knushya (Communion), Shawthapusa (Part taking), Qudasha (Sanctification), Qurbana (Sacrifice), Raza (Mystery)

Liturgical Quiz - Week - 11( 26th February 2023)

1) According to Mar Giwargis of Arbela, what are the reasons for celebrating the Qudasha facing East? Christological Argument - praying towards the M’shiha who comes from the East Cosmological Argument - the Sun and the stars move from the East Eschatological Argument - pilgrim church travelling towards the paradise in the East (Gen 2:8) Soteriological Argument – salvation - return to the paradise in the East for reconciliation (Gen 2:8)

2) What is the meaning of the word Kusāpā? Supplication or prayer in a low voice.

3) What is the significance of reciting the Kusāpā before each G'hānthā? It is a heartfelt personal prayer of the celebrant. It's purpose is to seek Alahaa's (God’s) blessing to follow what is mentioned in the G'hānthā.

4) How should the Kusāpā prayer be recited? By bowing down on the ground.

5) What is the significance of the prayer request by the celebrant before each G'hānthā? It is a prayer to the faithful for blessings to celebrate G'hānthā competently, regardless of the celebrant's disqualifications. Requesting prayers from the faithful to enable the celebrant to competently celebrate the Liturgy (showing humility and accepting unworthiness).

6) What is the meaning of the word G'hānthā? To bow down.

7) Which is the only part of the Qudasha which is recited/sung in a loud voice? The Qanona.

8. How should the celebrant recite the 1st G'hānthā prayer? By bowing well and holding his hands together .

9) Why is only the first G'hānthā recited by holding hands together? For the first G'hānthā, he is showing his humility and unworthiness to celebrate the Holy Mysteries in front of the throne of God. He stands there with fear and trembling, not having yet received the courage to contemplate the Holy Mysteries.

10) How are other G'hānthā recited except the first G'hānthā? The celebrant bows well and holds his hands open.

11) In the first G'hānthā of the Qudasha d’Shleehe, what does the Celebrant pray? He prays for the confidence to stand before the presence of Alahaa (God). He offers thanksgiving prayer for the blessings on the humanity. He prays to be made worthy to offer the Holy Mysteries. He requests for blessing of Alahaa (God).

12) What is reminded through the exchange of Shlama (Peace)? Show in action your peace with one another, and root out from your hearts resentment and enmity, so that you may become worthy to receive the life-giving Holy Mysteries, and be forgiven of your sins.

13) What is demonstrated by reading the book of the living and the dead? The Mysteries of our salvation have been performed on behalf of the living and the dead, and together, the living and the dead are in need of what is carried out by us in a mystical fashion.

14) What are the other names of the book of the living and the dead? Dyptychs, D'yopathkeen

15) What is Dyptychs? Two levelled folders of wood or metal on which are written the names of the living and the dead Christians who are to be remembered in the Holy Qurbana. The names are read aloud by one of the M’shamshane.

16) Where is the position of the M'shamshana who reads the Dyptychs? At the right side of the entrance to the Madbaha.

17) What does the removal of the Shoshappa and keeping it around the Holy Mysteries signify? It symbolises the Resurrection of our Lord. The Shoshappa here refers to the tombstone of our Lord.

18) What does the incensing of the Holy Mysteries symbolise? Symbol of the aromatic spices with which the body of our Saviour was embalmed before burial.

19) Why does the M'shamshana say to "pray in silence"? Because we should be like Angels and should be continuously praying during the Qudasha.

20) Where does the Predatory Dialogue traces it's origin? From the "Brikat Ha Mazon" which is the prayer recited after the meals in Jewish Tradition.

Liturgical Quiz - Week - 12 (5th March 2023)

1) What do we understand during the prayer "May all the thoughts in your heart lift and rise to the highest"? Even though the celebration is on earth, we have to look up to heaven. It is an invitation to lift up our minds to God (Alahaa).

2) What do we understand and confess during the prayer "We lift them up to You Lord Alahaa of our Patriarchs Avraham and of Isahak and Yacov, O King, high and glorious"?

We confess that Alahaa (God) is not of the dead, but of the living. Alahaa is the same in the Old Testament and the New Testament.

3) What is highlighted during the prayer "Qurbana is being offered to Alahaa, the Lord of all"? The sacrificial dimension of the Holy Qurbana.

4) What do we understand when we pray "it is right and just indeed"? It is the thanksgiving of the people.

5) What does the celebrant pray while bowing down in the second Kusāpā prayer of Koodasha d’Shleehe? Keep free the minds from every impurity Self-confidence to celebrate the Qurbana Grace for brotherly love

6) What does the celebrant pray in the second G'hānthā of Koodasha d’Shleehe? It is addressed to Holy Trinity who created the world. It is a thanksgiving for the creation and typifies the Old Testament dispensation. Creatures are exhorted to praise Alahaa in the first part.The name of Alahaa is praised in the second part.

7) Where does ‘Sanctus’ derive from? Jewish morning prayer Qiddush (Is.6:3; Rev 4:8)

What are the different parts of the ‘Sanctus’? Jewish morning prayer Qiddush, Hosanna and Benedictus.

9) What does the celebrant pray while bowing down in the Third Kusāpā prayer of Koodasha d’Shleehe? This prayer leads us to the experiential awareness of the sins Eshaiah Nivya had, consequent to his vision of heaven.

10) What does the celebrant pray while bowing down in the Fourth Kusāpā prayer of Koodasha d’Shleehe in the East Syriac tradition? The priest prays for the ecclesial and civil authorities as well as for the celebrant and for all the living and the dead.

11) How does the Priest perform the Rushma (blessing with a Sign of the Cross) on the Madbaha during the Fourth G’hantha? By making the Sign of the Cross from bottom to top and right to left.

12) What is the symbolism of the Rushma performed on the Madbaha during the Fourth G’hantha? Commemoration of all the baptized ones who are made perfect by the Rushma of Mamoodeesa.

13)What is the meaning of the Rushma performed from bottom to top? It represents the aim of our earthly life, which is heaven.

14) Apart from the fourth G’hantha, where else in our liturgy can we see the same style of performing the Rushma (from bottom to top and right to left)? First and third Rushma of Mamoodeesa.

15) Where does the Epiclesis of Koodasha d’Shleehe evolve from? 1 Cor 16:22 "requesting the Lord to come"- Maran Asa (Maranatha). Didache 10 also requests the Grace of God to come.

16) What does the celebrant pray in the Epiclesis? He prays for the sanctification of the Bread and Wine Remission of the sins of the community For hope in the Resurrection and Eternal life

17) What is the symbolism of the closing of the inner veil during the Epiclesis? It symbolises the cloud that covered Isho M'shiha at his Gelyana (transfiguration) which hid Him from the view of others.

18) Which liturgical commentator speaks of the closing of the inner veil at the time of Epiclesis? Mar Gabriel Qatraya

19) What are the elements of the Rite of Reconciliation? Prayer to M'shiha (O M'shiha, you are the peace of...) Group of Mazmora (Psalms) Service of Incense

20) Who is believed to be the author of the prayer "O M’shiha, You are the peace of those in heaven and hope for those on the earth..."? (swarggavasikalude samadhanavum bhoovasikalude prathyasayum...) Mar Aprem Malpan

Liturgical Quiz - Week - 13(12th March 2023)

1) How many are the signs which the priest makes in the time of the Qudasha (Anaphara) as per Mar Isho Yahb IV? Nine.

2) What are the East Syriac words used for Holy body and Blood? Paghra for body and D'ma for blood respectively.

3) Which are the signs which the priest makes in the time of the Qudasha as per Mar Isho Yahb IV? Three over himself; Three over the Paghra and D'ma (Body and Blood); and three over the people.

4) Why must the censer in the time of the Qudasha stands on the right hand side as per Mar Isho Yahb IV? Because the censer must be at the righthand side of the Kahna,as he is the consecrator of the Paghra and also because he burns perfume in honour of the Qurbana and of the Kahna and of the Holy words that come forth from his mouth.

5) What does Mar Isho Yahb IV says about the presence of The Holy Sleeva and The Holy Ewangalion? The Holy Sleeva and The Holy Ewangalion must not be removed from the Madbaha,and the Mysteries may not be consecrated, when there is no Holy Sleeva and no Holy Ewangalion.

6) What is the meaning of Shauthapusa? It means Fellowship or Communion or partaking in the Holy Qurbana.

7) Why priests worn Urara above the Zunara? The priest wears the sacred vestments according to the same manner in which he received the sacred vestments through various orders. The Urara floats on both sides and thus manifests the full freedom of his service. (Mar Theodore of Mopsuestia in his Catechetical Homily on the Holy Qurbana)

8. What does Mar Theodore of Mopsuestia teaches about the word Amen? It is the symbol of acceptance and agreement of the faithful towards the prayers recited by the celebrant.

9) When it was decided that the M'shamshana should be the one who recites the Karozuza after Ewangalion? In the Sunnahadose (Council)of Selucua Ctesiphon (AD 410) 10) Why does the celebrant prays the prayer after the Karozuza (Oh! Lord, mighty God, we humbly implore....) with open hands? It is a custom of both the Jews and the Gentiles. It symbolises the last prayer of M'shiha on the Sleeva. It is the symbolism of prayer, intercession and humbleness.

11) Who, and to whom "Listeners, go and guard the gates" is said during dismissal of the catechumens? M'shamshana says it to Hevpadyakonas. Because it is the duty of Hevpadyakonas to guard the doors.

12) What does Mar Theodore of Mopsuestia teaches about mixing of water in the Kasa? When we partake in the Holy Qurbana, we comemmorate the death of Isho M'shiha. Blood and water flowed from the side of our Lord when he was speared in the Sleeva. The same symbolisms are used in Mammodisa, which is our second birth is also reflected in Holy Qurbana.

13) What does the 25th canon of Catholicose Mar Yohannan says about the quantity of water and wine to be mixed in the Kasa (Chalice) in East Syriac tradition? They should be in equal quantities.

14) How many times does the celebrant washes his hand in Holy Qurbana? Specify? 3 times. One before starting the Holy Qurbana, one during Oniza d'Raze and the other after the communion of the celebrant.

15) Whom does the two prayers before Huthama addresses? First Slosa (prayer) addresses Holy Trinity and the second one addresses Maran Isho M'shiha.

16) According to Mar Narsai, whom does the words "Those who are not receiving the Holy Mysteries can leave" addresses? It addresses the people who are not going to receive the Holy Communion in the Qurbana. Because receiving the communion is essential for the fulfilment of the Qurbana.

17) In the East Syriac tradition what is the symbol of kissing the hand Sleeva of the celebrant before returning from the church? - Symbol of communion achieved in Isho M'shiha. - love and gratitude for the call to take part in Sacred Mysteries

18) What does Mar Ignathiose of Antiochya (St.Ignatius of Antioch) called the Holy Qurbana? Medicine of Immortality and the bread of Life.

19) What does Canon 20 of Sunahadose of Nicaea, conducted in the year 325 of Maran instructs about? According to the canon, kneeling on the Lord's Day (Sunday) and on the days of Pentecost (from Easter till Pentecost), during the common prayers (i.e., at Liturgy) are prohibited and decided to be rendered to Alahaa in standing posture.

20) What is the word meaning of Thaibusa? Grace.

Liturgical Quiz - Week - 14 ( 12th March 2023)

1) What is the main theme of the prayer at the Rite of Incensing? Honour and glory to Alahaa and forgiveness and reconciliation of our sins.

2) What is the ideal way of Incensing the people and what do the people during the service of incense in the rite of reconciliation? The M’shamshana brings the incense to each and every faithful and every individual accepts the incense by waving their hands towards themselves.

3) What is the meaning of Barek Mar? Bless me, my Lord.

4) How should the priest kiss the Holy Bukra? The celebrant kisses the Sacred Body on its top, bottom, right and left in the form of a Sleeva, without touching it with his lips.

5) Why does the celebrant kiss the Holy Bukra? Expression of his deep love and gratitude to the Lord on account of this ineffable gift.

6) What is commemorated during the breaking of Holy Bukra? The Death of our Lord.

7) What is the meaning of the joining of Holy Bukra after immersion in the Holy Blood? The resurrection of Maran (Our Lord) Isho M'shiha.

What does the Karosoosa of the M’shamshana before Holy Communion teach us? Greatness of the Rāzē (Mysteries) and instructs the faithful on how to approach the Holy Rāzē in awe and with honour.

9) What does the response to the Karozuza of the M’shamsha before the Holy Communion teach us? The feeble nature of humanity and the need for the forgiveness of sins and wrong doings.

10) What do we understand by saying the prayer "Avoon d'Vashmayya" (Our Father in heaven) before receiving Holy Communion?

Through the Participation of the Holy Rāzē (Mysteries) we have become children of Alahaa and this has made us worthy to call Alahaa 'Our Father'.

11) Why is the prayer "Avoon d'Vashmayya" (Our Father in heaven) before receiving Holy Communion, recited without outstretched hands?

Outstretched hands are a symbol of supplication. The prayer Avoon d'Vashmayya (Our Father in heaven) before receiving Holy Communion, is the prayer which children pray, with the right to call Alahaa their Father. As it is a prayer recited by those with the right to be called children of Alahaa, it should not be prayed with outstretched hands.

12) What does the celebrant's blessing of Shlama (peace) before receiving the Holy Communion symbolise? The Shlama (peace) which our Lord (Maran) gave to the women and to His disciples after He had risen from the dead.

13) What is proclaimed through the prayer that the 'The Holy Qurbana is for the holy people'? The Holy Church professes that only Alahaa is holy, and that we are holy because we share in Alahaa's holiness through Mamoodeesa, and that this sharing makes us worthy to receive Holy Communion.

14) What is proclaimed through the prayer that "God the Father alone is Holy. God the Son alone is Holy. God the Rooha alone is Holy." ?

It is the proclamation that the holy nature is truly one, and that nature is the Father, Son and Rooha d'Kudsha and that nature alone is eternal, unchallengeable and able to grant holiness upon anybody.

15) What is the word meaning of D'heelath? You are Terrible, oh Lord.

16) Where in the Holy Qurbana do we sing the D’heelath? After the prayer "God the Father alone is Holy...", on Maranaya feasts (Feasts of the Lord).

17) How do we sing the D'heelath? It has to be sung as two groups, (people in the Madbaha and people in the Hykala) and the inner veil should be closed on this occasion.

18) What is the significance of singing the D'heelath? It reminds us of the Resurrection of Our Lord and the Mystery of the Maranaya Feasts.

19) Who receives the Holy Communion first in the East Syriac tradition? The celebrant who offered the Holy Qurbana in the position of Isho M'shiha.

20) What does Gabriel Qatraya teach about the celebrant first receiving the Holy Qurbana? That the consecrator being the first to receive the Holy Qurbana is a symbol of what occurred with Isho, the High Priest, for the priest stands in his role; for (M'shiha) through the sacrifice of Himself first, through the Rooha d'Kudsha, received the nourishment of immortality; and then he was capable of giving it to others. Liturgical Quiz - Week - 18 ( 16th April 2023)

1) What does Mar Narsai compare the blessing of the water in Mamodeesa to? The blessing of the water for Mamodeesa by the priest is similar to Mushe striking the water with his staff.

2) According to Mar Theodore of Mopsuestia, what provides power to the water to become a womb to conceive and give birth to the faithful? Ruha d' kudsha who dwells in the water through the Rushma (Blessing) by the Kahna (Priest)

3)Which are the main rites of Mamodeesa? Blessing of the Oil, Anointing with the Oil, Blessing of the Water, Dipping in the Water, Wearing of New Garments and Crowning.

4) According to East Syriac Church, what are the essential factors needed for the completion of Mamodeesa? Holy Zaith, Water, Oil, Priest and Prayers.

5) Which document specifies that oil should be added to the water for Mamodeesa? Vatican Syriac 150.

6) What is the East Syriac tradition for the consecration of the oil in Mamodeesa? Freshly consecrated oil is used each time. M'shamshana brings fresh olive oil and places it on the table of the Bes Mamodeesa and covers it with the Shoshappa. After reciting the Creed, the celebrant prays and then consecrates it with the Holy Oil (Zaith).

7) What is the meaning of Zaith? Olive oil.

Which oil is used as the Holy Oil of anointment in the East Syriac tradition? Holy Zaith.

9) Why is the Holy Zaith is known as the Oil of Horns? Because the Holy Zaith was preserved in Horns of animals, which was used as a container.

10) What is the relationship between the words M'shiha and the oil for anointment? M'shiha means anointed one. M'shah means oil for anointment.

11)Which part of the Church is used for administering Mamodeesa? It is administered at the Beth Mamodeesa, which is ideally a small chapel on the right side of the Madbaha (the Southern side).

12) What is the formula used for the anointment with Zaith as per Mar Theodore of Mopsuestia? In the Name of the Father and of the Son and of the Ruha d'Kudsha.

13) What does Mar Theodore of Mopsuestia call the Oil of anointment? Oil of Joy.

14) What does Mar Aprem say about the anointment? The recovered leper was anointed by the priest and was then sent to the waters for cleaning. Thus, Zaith seals us and Mamodeesa perfects us. We are entering into the life of the Holy Trinity by the bestowel of Ruha d' Kudsha and also entering into the Holy Church.

15) Who are the authors of the two lengthy Karozuza recited during the East Syriac Mamodeesa? Mar Bar Sawma and Mar Theodore of Mopsuestia.

16) What is the formula used in the Mamodeesa in the East Syriac tradition? "In the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Ruha d'Kudsha, .... is getting baptised”.

17) Why is the formula, "I baptise you in the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit" not used in the East Syriac Mamodeesa as it is in the Roman Catholic Church? According to the East Syriac theology, it is the Holy Trinity, not the priest performing the Mamodeesa.

18) What does Mar Narsai say about the formula of Mamodeesa? The priest is not the one who gives Mamodeesa, but the Holy Trinity is giving Mamodeesa. Forgiveness of sins is in the name of the Holy Trinity and not in the name of any human being.

19)What are the important parts of the Qudasha of Mamodeesa in East Syriac Tradition? Entrance into the church, three anointments, immersion into the Baptismal font, receiving of new gar ments, crowning, receiving of a lighted candle, procession from Beth Mamodeesa to the front of the Madbaha, the Lord's prayer, profession of Faith (Creed), Holy communion and rite of desecration of Holy water in the Baptismal font.

20) What is the difference between Holy Zaith and Holy Myron? Holy Zaith is used only in the East Syriac Tradition, it has Apostolic continuity. Holy Myron does not claim any Apostolic continuity. Every year it is prepared and consecrated by the Patriarch/ the Eparchial Bishop.

Liturgical Quiz- Week - 19 (23rd April 2023)

1) What does the crowning in the Mamodeesa symbolise?

The individual starts a new life of Holiness, Joy and Glory in the Church. Thus, the individual is crowned in the Mamodeesa, the individual also receives an inheritance in the Kingdom of Alahaa.

2) What does the lighted candle received by the baptised person symbolise?

The Baptised person represents the wise virgins who waited for the arrival of the groom with lighted candles. The removal of darkness of the ignorance, sin and the arrival to the light of the knowledge of

God. It also gives a warning to be always prepared for the call of Alahaa. It also represents M'shiha who is the light of the world.

3) What does the procession to the Madbaha after the the Mamodeesa represent?

The individual gets an inheritance in the Kingdom of Alahaa through the Mamodeesa.

4) What does the recitation of the Creed in the Mamodeesa symbolise?

It is the profession of faith that the baptised person receives and confirms. The Mamodeesa is the sacrament of faith and it is founded on the faith.

5) What is the significance of the Lord's prayer in Mamodeesa?

Through the Mamodeesa, the person receives the freedom to call Lord as Father.

6) What is Mapra?

It is a white liturgical vestment worn by the celebrant during the Mamodeesa. It is equivalent to Pyna (Kappa).

7) Why there is no separate Raza (sacrament) of Confirmation in the East Syriac tradition?

It is done as an anointment as part of the Mamodeesa. By the rite of post-Baptismal anointing, the Christian is said to be completed, perfected, by the gift of the Rooha d'Kudsha.

8. What does Mar Giwargis of Arbela comment on the anointment?

Anointment with oil is the Mamodeesa of our Lord, given by Ruha d'Kudsha. Immersion in water is the Mamodeesa that Mar Yohannan Mamdana gave. Confirmation of the Mamodeesa is achieved only by

the anointment after immersion in water.

9)What does the removal of the ordinary dress and receiving of the white garments represent?

The old man is removed and becomes a new man after the Mamodeesa. One who receives Mamodeesa becomes a new creature in M'shiha.

10) What does Mar Aprem call this white garment?

Robe of Glory.

11) What is the difference between a Christian and non-Christian according to Mar Aphrahat?

All have a body and soul, but a Christian has a body, soul and Rooha d'Kudsha.

12) Why is a Christian greater than David Malka (King David), according to Mar Aprem?

According to Mar Aprem, during the anointment of David Malka, only the Rooha d'Kudsha came and dwelt in him, but in the anointing of a Christian not only the Rooha d'Kudsha but also Awa (the Father) and the Son come and dwell in the person.

13) What is the oldest available East Syriac commentary on Mamodeesa?

Theshmeshtha Nuhara d'Edtanaytha (The exposition of the Church Services of the light).

14) What is the content of the Theshmeshtha Nuhara d'Edtanaytha?

It contains seven memre (poetic text in Syriac), which explain the liturgical and theological meanings of various liturgical services of the East Syriac Church. They are explanations of the liturgical instructions of Mar Isho Yahb III.

15) What does Mar Aphrahat call the white garment received at Mamodeesa?

Garment of Incorruptibility (1 Cor. 15: 53-54).

16) What does Mar Aphrahat call Mamodeesa?

Rushma d'Hayye (Sign of Life).

17) Which Homilies of Mar Narsai teach about the rites of Mamodeesa?

Homily XXI & XXII.

18) Who compiled the East Syriac Taksa of Mamodeesa?

Mar Isho Yahb III (650-658)

19) Who introduced infant Mamodeesa in the East Syriac Church?

Mar Isho Yahb III.

20) Who made the regulation that the candidates for Mamodeesa should come and register their names

on the Monday of mid-Lent?

Mar Isho Yahb III

Liturgical Quiz - Week - 17 (9th April 2023)

1) Why do we receive Mamodeesa (Baptism)? For the adoption of childship and the participation in the mysteries of M'shiha (Christ).

2) Which was the solemn occasion during which Mamodeesa was given in East Syriac Church? Along with the Ramsha of Easter. There was a tradition of celebrating Holy Qurbana on the Eve of Easter, exclusively for Mamodeesa.

3) Why was solemn Mamodeesa was conducted on Easter Eve? ‘Don't you know that all of us who were baptized into Isho M'shiha were baptized into his death?’ Based on the letter of St Paul to the Romans, "We were therefore buried with him through baptism into death in order that, just as M'shiha was raised from the dead through the glory of the Father, we too may live a new life." (Letter to Romans by Mar Powlose 6: 4-5)

4) What is the meaning of the word Mamodeesa? To cause to sink, to immerse, to force down below a surface.

5) According to the custom of the Malabar Church, when was Mamodeesa given? On the 8th day of birth.

6) What does the Didache (a second-generation Christian writing after the Apostles - also known as the Teaching of the twelve Apostles) state about Mamodeesa? Give Mamodeesa in the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Ruha d'Kudsha. It should be in running water. If running water is not there, warm water should be used. If both are not available, pour water thrice upon the head.

7)What does the Didache state about fasting prior to Mamodeesa? The receiver of Mamodeesa and the celebrant of Mamodeesa should fast before Mamodeesa.

8. What is the first document which instructs about Mamodeesa being celebrated by pouring water on head? Didache

9) What does Tertullian (Latin Church father - Father of Latin Theology AD 160-225) teach about Mamodeesa? The one who is going to receive Mamodeesa should be prepared in prayer and fasting and should observe a vigil at night and should confess his past sins.

10) Who is considered to be the author of the East Syriac Taksa of Mamodeesa? Mar Isho Yahb the Third.

11) As per the ancient tradition, what happens on the fourth week of Sawma Ramba (which is known as the second week of Holy Raze) relating to Mamodeesa? On the Monday of the fourth week of Sawma Ramba (Great Fast/Lent), the one who is going to receive Mamodeesa, comes to the Church with their guardians and enrols their name for Mamodeesa. From then, they receive an imposition of hands from the priest in the church on all Wednesdays until Oshana Sunday.

12) What are the rites conducted in the church on the seventh week of Sawma Ramba (commencing from Oshana)? The one who is going to receive Mamodeesa attends the prayers in the Church and every day, the new members accompany in the procession which is conducted from the Madbaha to the Baptismal font.

13) As per the Malabar tradition, how was Mamodeesa given? The child is made to sit in the font, and the priest dips the child in warm water.

14) Who are the East Syriac commentators who spoke about the symbolism of the water of Mamodeesa? Mar Theodore of Mopsuestia, Mar Narsai, Mar Mushe Bar Kepha, Mar Afrahath, Mar Aprem etc...

15) What does Mar Afrahath (AD 280-345) (The Persian Sage) say about the Mamodeesa font? By the power of Ruha d'Kudsha (Holy Spirit), the Kahna (Priest) gives new birth to the faithful from the Mamodeesa font which is the womb of the Church.

16) What do Mar Afrahath and Mar Nasrai say about the celebrant of Mamodeesa? They are the preachers of M'shiha and of the Truth.

17) What does Mar Narsai say about the "Rebirth" which occurs at Mamodeesa? Mamodeesa is a discovery. It is the finding of something which is not God, and spiritually gives birth to infants from water.

18) What does Mar Aprem say about birth from the font of Mamodeesa? Ruha d'Kudsha came down to the water and made it productive. The water conceived and gave birth to grown-up babies, which is amazing.

19) What does Mar Theodore of Mopsuestia say about the priest blessing the water for Mamodeesa? The priest blesses the water to make it powerful. For this, the celebrant should clearly recite the prayers in the prescribed format. He prays to Alahaa that Ruha d'Kudsha may come down to the water and make it a womb so that it can give birth to the child in the Church.

20) What is the special symbolism that Mar Narsai gives to the font of Mamodeesa? He relates it to a furnace, which moulds and enlightens the faithful.

Liturgical Quiz - Week - 20 (30th April 2023)

1.Why does Mar Isho Yahb III command that the water must be poured out before the Kahna (Priest) seals the candidate with a Rushma (sanctifying with a sign of the Cross performed on the body)?

Water is the symbol of Jordan –water into which Christ entered at his own Baptism . The Mamoodeesa of Mar Yohannan Mamdana (John the Baptist) in water is made perfect by the Mamoodeesa in M'shiha (Mamoodeesa in Ruha d'Kudsha).

2.What does the entrance of the Kahna in splendid vestments accompanied by two M'shamshane with candles, macshaneesa and incense symbolise? It symbolises the apparition of Alahaa to Awraham and Mushe (Moses). (In East Syriac, Abraham is pronounced as Awraham. That is why we have the common Malayalam version of the name Awaran/Awarachan). The splendid vestments of Khana also symbolise the Joy and Glory of the heavenly kingdom into which the baptised has been entered.

3.What does the famous anonymous East Syriac author of the 9th century believed to be George of Arbel say about the Kahna putting Mapra/ white hood upon Priest's head? It signifies that he is already whitened from the original sin which was black because of the sin of Adam.

4.How is pre-baptismal Rushma (sanctification by the sign of the Cross performed on the body)/ first Rushma (Rushma Qadmaya) done? Dip the index finger into the oil and draw a Sleeva on the baptismal candidate’s forehead from bottom to top and from right to left.

5.What is the symbolism of the first Rushma? It is compared to the call of Awraham.

6.How is the baptismal Rushma/second Rushma (M'shihusa d'amide) done? The priest dips the middle three fingers of his right hand in oil and draws a Sleeva on the baptismal candidate’s chest from top to bottom and from right to left.

7. What is the symbolism of the second Rushma? It symbolises the anointment of Malke (Kings) in the Old Testament. The Syriac test itself points out the meaning of the second Rushma by saying: “thereby showing that he imprints the knowledge of the Trinity in his heart and that it is gifted from above".

8.How is post-baptismal Rushma/third Rushma (Huthama Hraya) done? A Sleeva is drawn on the child's forehead from bottom to top and from right to left with the thumb.

9.What is the symbolism of the third Rushma? Mamoodeesa of Isho in the fullness of the Ruha d'Kudsha.It symbolises that the baptised person has united with Holy Spirit who descended upon Christ like a dove when he went up from the water after the baptism (Mt 3:16)

10.According to the famous anonymous author, what is the signing of the candidate with oil compared to? To the promise given to Awraham.The anointing after the immersion (Third Anointing), as perfection through the Holy Spirit as in the Baptism of Christ.

11.According to the anonymous author of the 9th century, what is the journey through Mamoodeesa compared to?

It is a journey through the salvific plan from Awraham to the Pentecost (from the calling of Abraham which is the first invitation to Pentecost which is the perfection).

12.What does the Rushma on the forehead represent? It is performed in connection with the rite of renunciation with Satan. It shows that Satan has no more power over the candidate. The candidate becomes the property of M'shiha (Christ).

13. What does Mar Nasarai say about signing on the forehead? The three names he (the priest) traces upon his face as a shield, that the tyrant may see the image of the divinity on the head of the man.The cause of the signing on the forehead is for the confusion of the devil’s... it is the great brand of the king of kings which they are stamped... On their forehead they receive the spiritual stamp, that it may be bright before Angels and Man.

14. What is the synonym of Beth Mamoodeesa? Beth Amada

15. What is the symbolism of Beth Mamoodeesa? River of Yorddnan (Jordan).

16.Where is the location of the Table (Altar) in Beth Mamoodeesa? At the left side, inside the Beth Mamoodeesa.

17.Why Mamoodeesa is called the basis of other Raze? Because Mamoodeesa is essential to participate in other Raze.

18. What does the anonymous author say about Mamoodeesa as the base of other Raze? Mamoodeesa is a great door to the Holy Mysteries and only those who enter through this door are eligible to receive the Body and Blood of M'shiha.

19. Who are the East Syriac fathers who specify that only the ones who had received Mamoodeesa should receive Body and Blood of M'shiha? Mar Narsai, Mar Ammanuel Bar Sahhare, Mar Yohannan Bar Zobi.

20.What is M'dabranusa? Divine dispensation.

Syro Malabar Eparchy of Great Britain